{"id":168111,"date":"2025-12-10T20:50:08","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T23:50:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cj.estrategia.com\/portal\/?p=168111"},"modified":"2025-12-26T15:25:52","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T18:25:52","slug":"honorarios-acao-civil-publica-associacoes-entes-publicos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cj.estrategia.com\/portal\/honorarios-acao-civil-publica-associacoes-entes-publicos\/","title":{"rendered":"Honor\u00e1rios em a\u00e7\u00e3o civil p\u00fablica: associa\u00e7\u00f5es e entes p\u00fablicos"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

De in\u00edcio, vamos tratar do seguinte julgado:<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Honor\u00e1rios<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Isto \u00e9, a Corte Especial do Superior Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a enfrentou quest\u00e3o sens\u00edvel sobre honor\u00e1rios advocat\u00edcios em a\u00e7\u00f5es civis p\u00fablicas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perceba que teve uma diverg\u00eancia boa! Logo, quest\u00e3o de prova, na certa!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9 o seguinte, no julgamento dos Embargos de Diverg\u00eancia no REsp 1.304.939\/RS, conclu\u00eddo em agosto de 2025, os ministros decidiram que associa\u00e7\u00f5es e funda\u00e7\u00f5es privadas<\/mark> autoras de ACPs t\u00eam direito aos honor\u00e1rios sucumbenciais<\/mark> quando vencedoras<\/strong>, afastando o princ\u00edpio da simetria que beneficia, por exemplo, o Minist\u00e9rio P\u00fablico e entes p\u00fablicos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexto<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Veja: a Cidadania – Associa\u00e7\u00e3o de Defesa dos Direitos do Cidad\u00e3o ajuizou a\u00e7\u00e3o civil p\u00fablica contra a Fiat Administradora de Cons\u00f3rcios pleiteando a restitui\u00e7\u00e3o integral<\/strong> de parcelas pagas por consorciados desistentes ou exclu\u00eddos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Assim, a associa\u00e7\u00e3o sagrou-se vencedora na demanda, mas a Terceira Turma do STJ, aplicando o princ\u00edpio da simetria, afastou a condena\u00e7\u00e3o da r\u00e9 ao pagamento de honor\u00e1rios advocat\u00edcios com base no art. 18 da Lei 7.347\/85.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ora, o dispositivo legal estabelece que “nas a\u00e7\u00f5es de que trata esta lei, n\u00e3o haver\u00e1 adiantamento de custas, emolumentos, honor\u00e1rios periciais e quaisquer outras despesas, nem condena\u00e7\u00e3o da associa\u00e7\u00e3o autora, salvo comprovada m\u00e1-f\u00e9, em honor\u00e1rios de advogado, custas e despesas processuais”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Logo, a isen\u00e7\u00e3o beneficia expressamente as associa\u00e7\u00f5es quando sucumbentes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Princ\u00edpio da simetria<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Perceba que, a jurisprud\u00eancia<\/a><\/strong> do STJ havia consolidado o entendimento de que, pelo princ\u00edpio da simetria, se o Minist\u00e9rio P\u00fablico ou ente p\u00fablico n\u00e3o pode ser condenado em honor\u00e1rios quando perde a ACP, tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o pode receb\u00ea-los quando vence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Com efeito, essa constru\u00e7\u00e3o pretoriana buscava equilibrar a balan\u00e7a processual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Destarte, surgiu a d\u00favida: essa simetria tamb\u00e9m se aplicaria quando associa\u00e7\u00f5es civis fossem autoras?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Terceira Turma entendeu que sim, afastando a condena\u00e7\u00e3o da administradora de cons\u00f3rcios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contudo, a Segunda Turma, em precedentes mais recentes (como o REsp 1.796.436\/RJ), adotou posi\u00e7\u00e3o diversa, distinguindo a natureza jur\u00eddica dos legitimados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Corte Especial<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nesse sentido, a Corte Especial, por maioria, acolheu os embargos de diverg\u00eancia<\/mark><\/strong>\u00a0e restabeleceu a condena\u00e7\u00e3o em honor\u00e1rios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Isto \u00e9, o voto vencedor, proferido pela Ministra Laurita Vaz e seguido pela Ministra Nancy Andrighi (redatora do ac\u00f3rd\u00e3o), tra\u00e7ou distin\u00e7\u00e3o fundamental:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udfe7 Quando a ACP \u00e9 ajuizada pelo MP ou ente p\u00fablico<\/strong>: mant\u00e9m-se o princ\u00edpio da simetria. O r\u00e9u n\u00e3o \u00e9 condenado em honor\u00e1rios (salvo m\u00e1-f\u00e9), assim como o autor tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o receberia se vencedor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udfe0 Quando a ACP \u00e9 ajuizada por associa\u00e7\u00e3o ou funda\u00e7\u00e3o privada<\/strong>: a simetria N\u00c3O se aplica ao r\u00e9u. Este deve pagar honor\u00e1rios se sucumbente, pois do contr\u00e1rio “barrado estaria um dos objetivos mais nobres da Lei 7.347\/85: viabilizar e ampliar o acesso \u00e0 justi\u00e7a para a sociedade civil organizada”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Distin\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ora, qual a raz\u00e3o jur\u00eddica para esse tratamento diferenciado? O ac\u00f3rd\u00e3o aponta tr\u00eas pilares:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Princ\u00edpio do acesso \u00e0 justi\u00e7a<\/strong>: Associa\u00e7\u00f5es civis, ao contr\u00e1rio do Minist\u00e9rio P\u00fablico e da Fazenda P\u00fablica, n\u00e3o contam com estrutura estatal, procuradores concursados ou or\u00e7amento p\u00fablico. Precisam contratar advogados particulares e arcar com custos processuais. Se n\u00e3o puderem receber honor\u00e1rios quando vitoriosas, ficar\u00e3o desestimuladas a tutelar direitos coletivos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Impropriedade da equipara\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>: Veja que n\u00e3o h\u00e1 simetria material entre uma associa\u00e7\u00e3o de defesa do consumidor e um grande grupo econ\u00f4mico ou institui\u00e7\u00e3o estatal. Trat\u00e1-los igualmente violaria a isonomia substancial, que exige tratar desigualmente os desiguais na medida de suas desigualdades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Finalidade da norma<\/strong>: O art. 18 da LACP protege as associa\u00e7\u00f5es quando perdem<\/strong> a demanda, exonerando-as de pagar honor\u00e1rios ao r\u00e9u (salvo m\u00e1-f\u00e9). Essa prote\u00e7\u00e3o visa incentivar a participa\u00e7\u00e3o da sociedade civil organizada. Perceba: nada justifica estender esse benef\u00edcio ao r\u00e9u economicamente poderoso quando este perde para a associa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diverg\u00eancia <\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Destarte, registre-se que o julgamento foi apertado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O Ministro Raul Ara\u00fajo inaugurou diverg\u00eancia, argumentando que a simetria deveria aplicar-se indistintamente, pois o art. 18 da LACP menciona expressamente “associa\u00e7\u00e3o autora”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para a diverg\u00eancia vencida, acompanhada pelos Ministros Jo\u00e3o Ot\u00e1vio de Noronha, Maria Isabel Gallotti e Ricardo Villas B\u00f4as Cueva, n\u00e3o haveria justificativa jur\u00eddica para a diferencia\u00e7\u00e3o, sendo a quest\u00e3o meramente econ\u00f4mica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contudo, prevaleceu o voto da Ministra Laurita Vaz, acompanhado pela Ministra Nancy Andrighi e pelos Ministros Humberto Martins, Luis Felipe Salom\u00e3o, Mauro Campbell Marques e Antonio Carlos Ferreira.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para concursos<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bixo, perceba a import\u00e2ncia desse precedente para provas: trata-se de tema frequente em quest\u00f5es sobre processo coletivo, legitimidade ativa e honor\u00e1rios advocat\u00edcios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ora, voc\u00eas devem memorizar a distin\u00e7\u00e3o fundamental<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udd36 Associa\u00e7\u00e3o\/funda\u00e7\u00e3o privada autora<\/strong>: sem simetria \u2192 r\u00e9u paga honor\u00e1rios se sucumbente<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udd38 MP ou ente p\u00fablico autor<\/strong>: simetria \u2192 r\u00e9u n\u00e3o paga honor\u00e1rios<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Quer saber quais ser\u00e3o os pr\u00f3ximos concursos?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Confira nossos artigos para Carreiras Jur\u00eddicas<\/a>!<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Concursos jur\u00eddicos abertos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Concursos jur\u00eddicos 2025<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"De in\u00edcio, vamos tratar do seguinte julgado: Isto \u00e9, a Corte Especial do Superior Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a enfrentou…\n","protected":false},"author":93,"featured_media":155507,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2005,3728,456,1977,3310,1324,3895,1655,2642,132,120,2901,3894,202],"tax_estado":[53],"class_list":{"0":"post-168111","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-carreiras-juridicas","8":"tag-acao-civil-publica-acp","9":"tag-acesso-a-justica","10":"tag-concurso-publico","11":"tag-direito-processual-civil","12":"tag-embargos-de-divergencia","13":"tag-entes-publicos","14":"tag-fundacoes-privadas","15":"tag-honorarios-advocaticios","16":"tag-honorarios-sucumbenciais","17":"tag-jurisprudencia","18":"tag-ministerio-publico","19":"tag-principio-da-simetria","20":"tag-resp-1-304-939","21":"tag-stj","22":"tax_estado-rs"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHonor\u00e1rios em 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